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so i took adderall


Skilla54

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Is this the same as dexamphetamine?

I am assuming it is an ADD drug, but what mg is it?

 

From Wiki

 

Adderall® CII is a pharmaceutical stimulant amphetamine used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Severe cases of depression may also be treated with Adderall or other stimulants. It was first prescribed in the 1970s as an anorectic (under the brand name Obetrol®), but such usage is now rare.

 

Use

 

* 1/4 Dextro-amphetamine Saccharate

* 1/4 Dextro-amphetamine Sulfate

* 1/4 dl-amphetamine Aspartate (racemic amphetamine)

* 1/4 dl-amphetamine Sulfate (racemic amphetamine)

 

The four component salts are claimed to be metabolised at different rates.

 

The average elimination half-life for dextroamphetamine is 10 hours in adults, and for levoamphetamine, 13 hours. Its effects are otherwise similar to other central nervous system stimulants (see amphetamine for details.).

 

The manufacturer claims that the mixture of salts makes Adderall's effects smoother, with softer highs and lows, than those of other treatments for the same disorders.

 

There is little evidence, however, to support this claim for immediate-release. A recent patent application for Adderall (USP #6,384,020) was a pharmaceutical composition patent listing a rapid immediate release oral dosage form. No claim of increased or smooth drug delivery was made. A recent double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, conducted among children, indicated that patients behaved similarly to other immediate release amphetamines. The authors found that sustained-release dexamphetamine (the main isomeric-amphetamine component of Adderall) had a longer duration of action, and cost less than Adderall, though dexamphetamine was less effective in the first few hours.[1]

 

Adderall is now sold in either an immediate-release tablet or an extended-release capsule, marketed as Adderall XR (for "eXtended Release"). Doses for both immediate-release and extended-release form come in 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 mg increments.

 

Adderall XR utilizes the Microtrol® delivery system to achieve the extended-release mechanism. This delivery system incorporates two beads: the first type of bead dissolves immediately and the second type releases four hours later. Maximum plasma concentration is achieved in seven hours, compared to regular Adderall IR (immediate-release) which reaches maximum plasma concentration within three hours. As a result of its high bioavailability, Adderall XR's effectiveness is not altered by food absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. However, tmax (mean plasma concentration) is prolonged by 2.5 hours (using a standard high-fat meal as the control). Acidic beverages should not be ingested with Adderall XR as they alter the pH balance of the stomach.[2]

 

[edit] Effects

 

While the exact mechanism is unknown, it is believed that Adderall works by blocking the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron and increasing their release from the presynaptic neuron into the extraneuronal space. In other words, Adderall reverses the reuptake mechanism, turning it into a pump instead of a vacuum. Sources note that amphetamine and related compounds (ephedrine, etc.) displace noradrenaline from the presynaptic neuron and do not act as reuptake inhibitors as referenced above. [citation needed]

 

The increased flow of dopamine and norepinephrine into the extraneuronal space causes the patients' brain, as one psychiatrist explains,[citation needed] to experience a more intense level of concentration, causing an increased ability to focus for extended periods of time, and a heightened interest in performing focus based tasks.

 

Though rare, it is possible for Adderall to cause psychotic episodes at recommended doses in patients with a history of psychosis.

 

Some patients feel they are less creative while taking Adderall, while others report that it can aid in creative work. The famous Beat generation writer Jack Kerouac, for instance, is said to have written much of his classic On The Road in a span of three weeks, aided by amphetamine (an active ingredient in Adderall) from Benzedrine inhalers; country music star Johnny Cash had a long period of amphetamine use in the 1960s; and mathematician Paul Erdős was noted for habitual use of prescription amphetamine throughout the final decades of his life; Smile was written by Brian Wilson and Van Dyke Parks with heavy amphetamine use, among others. All of these probably knew the drug by its common name, speed.

 

Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of dextroamphetamine in normal subjects have shown significant performance increases on cognitive tasks and decreased reaction time. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/199/4328/560

 

Clinical trials establishing the long term effectiveness of Adderall have not been conducted. Controlled studies have not occurred for children on Adderall for a period exceeding three weeks. Also, reviews of effectiveness for adolescents or adults on the medication for longer then four weeks have not been evaluated. Several studies on pregnant rodents have shown that exposure to amphetamines in utero or postnatal can lead to neurological damage and variance in behavior. While more controlled studies on pregnant women taking Adderall are needed, amphetamines have been shown to pass through into breast milk. Because of this, mothers taking medications containing amphetamines are advised to avoid nursing during their course of treatment. (http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2004/021303s005lbl.pdf)

 

[edit] Side effects

 

Common side effects of Adderall include:

 

* Increased heart rate

* Insomnia

* Anorexia (loss of appetite)

* Vertigo

* Headache

* Diarrhea

* Sweating

* Sexual dysfunction (impotence or changes in sex drive)

* Dry mouth

* Irritability

* Tremor

* Euphoria

 

[edit] Less common side effects

 

* Upset stomach

* Nervousness

* Mydriasis

* Bruxism (teeth grinding)

* Formication (in excessive doses [3])

* Urinary retention

* Pyrexia

* Tachycardia

* Tics

* Urticaria

 

* Increased Urination

* Blunted affect

* Detachment from reality

 

[edit] Rare side effects

 

* Phonic tics

* high blood pressure

* hallucinations

* tourettism

* cardiomyopathy

 

[edit] Contraindications

 

Using any amphetamine, (including Adderall, Methamphetamine or Ecstasy) within 1-2 weeks of taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) (an archaic branch of the antidepressant class) can cause a potentially fatal condition known as serotonin syndrome.

 

[edit] Performance-enhancing use

 

Because Adderall uses amphetamine stimulants to help the user concentrate for extended periods of time, many students today request Adderall from doctors in order to use it as a study aid. Thus, it is increasingly popular on college campuses. The largest benefit to students, however, is Adderall's ability to give students the power to focus on and learn what would usually be uninteresting material. Because of the appetite-suppressing properties of amphetamines, it is also sought after by those wishing to lose weight. Another less common use for students is to take Adderall before or during a night of heavy drinking in order to remain alert and active despite being intoxicated.

 

To add further insight to Adderall use among college students, research done by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) shows the more competitive the college, the higher the incidence of stimulant use. An article published stated the findings of a nationwide survey of thousands of college students[4]. The findings of this past April 2006 survey shows 5.9% use rates among the more competitive campuses, compared to 1.3% use rates among less competitive campuses. Breaking down the use pattern even further, this same sample done by NIDA reveals whites were more likely to use stimulants compared to African Americans and Asians, at rates of 4.9%, 1.6%, and 1.3% respectively. Further, students with lower grade point averages of B’s or below use stimulants at a rate of 5.2%, compared to students earning B+ or above who use this medication at rates of only 3.3%. This research also specifically identified that students involved in sororities or fraternities use stimulants at a much higher rate of 8.6% compared to nonmembers who reported use at rates of only 3.3% (Whitten, 6).

 

Another major concern about the use of Adderall among college students is the psychological dependence that causes students to lose faith in their own ability to perform well and the dependence on the advantageous effects of stimulant medication. Jackie Kurta, an Alcohol and Drug Specialist at UC Santa Barbara’s Student Heath Services states, “Students start out taking study drugs one time to study. The drugs work so well that the students begin to lose confidence in their own abilities to study without them,” (Hirschey).

 

On the street, Adderall is sold illegally for $3 to $10 a pill (pills ranging from 5 to 35 mg)(However pills may sell for as little as a 1$ and as much as 25$) (Purdie). Slang terms for Adderall are: "Gooey Lewy", "Dennis the Menace", "Blue Bunny", "Beast Wing", "Water Wings", "Jack Lemon", Blue Bull", "slack", "zing", "fatty addy", "Blue Spanish Fly", "a.d.", "study buddies", "ralls", "headlight through fog," "smart pills", "fudge dopes", "beenies", "amps", "a-bombs", "cactus jacks", "uppies", "Freud's Love", "blasters", "corvettes" (referring to the 35 mg pill), "Duke Ellingtons", "addies", "poopy," "blue buddies", "Blue Betties", "scomp," "Snoopy", "Nivea for Men", "orange tic-tacs", "Germany Wilsons", "the blue dutchman", "candy", "A candy", "blue boy," "nig nigs", "jollies", "smurphs", "rinky dink," "diet coke", "Thrash" by some skateboarders, "Davies"(for their founder, Dave Herrington), "team blue", "derallo," "the A train", "A+" in reference to its stimulant effect (Ambien is often referred to as "A-", the reverse effect of Adderall), and in some regions of the U.S., "railguns" and "that'da boy(s)" (from noted increase in productivity). On some college campuses taking Adderall is known as "taking the A train" or "getting some vitamin A", most likely inspired by the song "Take The A Train" by Duke Ellington. The 5 and 10 mg doses are also known in the northwest as "BBs",[citation needed] which is short for "Blueberries", named for their blue color. Heavier users tend to use the term "GBs", which is short for "goof balls". Some Adderall users crush and inhale the 5 and 10 mg pills to experience a stronger "rush" and a more rapid onset of the drug's effects. This has led to the term "smurf snot," used to describe how the pills color one's mucus blue.

 

Aside from being used by college students as a study aide, Adderall has been used as an off label drug for weight loss. Adderall’s side effect of weight loss and appetite suppression is a desired result for those trying to lose weight. It is administered as part of a “cocktail” of other off label prescription drugs that have side effects used to treat obesity. There have not been any scientific studies performed to evaluate the effectiveness of this form of treatment and is viewed a very risky and potentially dangerous way to shed pounds. (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15385195/)

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You probably won't do as well as you expect. memory is state-dependent, ie if you memorize a bunch of shit while your high or drunk your much less likely to remember it sober. and vice versa.

 

Very true. There are studies where they forced people to study in loud situations, and then compared how students who took the tests in loud places comparitive to quiet settings. Categorically, the students who studied in loud areas and then took the test in loud areas did better.

 

It is an interesting creedance to the idea of embodied cognition. That the encoding of your conscious focus get necessarily enstantiated by the environmental factors in which the experience occured. Obviously we parse the amount of information that gets kept in the brain as the correlated memory, but at the very least there is a distinct relationship between being in completely similar environmental and physiological states as to correctly recall information.

 

When I was in highschool, the only way i studied was by listening to music as I read condensed factoid sheets. The trick was to listen to one song per subject, on repeat. By tying the information to the music (something more readily recallable then random factoids), I would just think of the song while I was doing the test. By queing specifically the environmental pathway by which the information was encoded, I primed the pathways to the relevant information I needed to recall. This in turn made it much easier to recall a specific fact when needed. Not that I was recalling information as particular points in the song played out in my head, but that when when acquiring sort of stimulis (a test question) I would be in a primed state to access the relevant information. Essentially, I placed all the information I wanted to know on the tip of my brain's tongue by providing another means to distinctly tie information to it.

 

But yeah, I write mad papers high as fuck plus a lil adderol. It sorta feels like doin coke with out the immediacy of it, and the come down.

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